INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE
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Weeds Resistant to Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
by species and country
Weeds Resistant to Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
by species and country
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Weeds Resistant to Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
by species and country
#SpeciesCountryFirst Year
1 Alopecurus aequalis
Shortawn Foxtail 		2010 - China
2014 - China *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		2010264Alopecurus aequalisShortawn FoxtailA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
2 Alopecurus japonicus
Japanese Foxtail 		2007 - China
2014 - China *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		20075Alopecurus japonicusJapanese FoxtailA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
3 Alopecurus myosuroides
Blackgrass 		1982 - United Kingdom
1983 - Germany *Multiple - 2 SOA's
1993 - France
1996 - Belgium
1996 - Belgium *Multiple - 4 SOA's
1996 - Netherlands *Multiple - 2 SOA's
1999 - Netherlands *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2001 - Denmark
2001 - Denmark *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2001 - Turkey
2003 - France *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2003 - Germany
2007 - Germany *Multiple - 4 SOA's
2008 - Turkey *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2009 - Germany *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2009 - Italy
2011 - Poland
2011 - Sweden
2011 - Sweden *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2012 - Poland *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2014 - Sweden *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2015 - Spain *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2019 - Switzerland *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2021 - Ireland *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		19826Alopecurus myosuroidesBlackgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
4 Apera spica-venti
Silky Windgrass 		2009 - Germany *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2010 - Poland
2011 - Poland *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2016 - Denmark *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		200920Apera spica-ventiSilky WindgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
5 Avena fatua
Wild Oat 		1985 - Australia (Western Australia)
1986 - South Africa *Multiple - 2 SOA's
1988 - Australia (South Australia)
1990 - Canada (Manitoba)
1990 - Canada (Saskatchewan)
1990 - United States (Oregon)
1991 - Australia (New South Wales )
1991 - Canada (Alberta)
1991 - United States (Minnesota)
1991 - United States (North Dakota)
1991 - United States (Washington)
1992 - United States (Idaho)
1994 - Canada (Manitoba) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
1994 - United Kingdom *Multiple - 3 SOA's
1996 - Belgium
1996 - Canada (Saskatchewan) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
1996 - France
1997 - Canada (Manitoba) *Multiple - 4 SOA's
1997 - United States (Colorado)
1998 - Canada (Alberta) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
1998 - Chile
1998 - Mexico
2002 - United States (Montana)
2006 - Australia (New South Wales ) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2007 - Iran
2009 - Germany *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2009 - United States (South Dakota)
2010 - Argentina
2010 - Brazil
2011 - Poland
2011 - Poland *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2011 - Turkey
2012 - Canada (Quebec)
2012 - Germany
2012 - United States (South Dakota) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2014 - New Zealand
2015 - Canada (Manitoba) *Multiple - 4 SOA's
2015 - Syria
2019 - Ireland
198528Avena fatuaWild OatA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
6 Avena sterilis
Sterile Oat 		1989 - Australia (New South Wales )
1989 - Australia (South Australia)
1992 - Italy
1993 - United Kingdom *Multiple - 3 SOA's
1997 - Turkey
2004 - Italy *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2006 - Israel
2008 - Iran
2008 - Turkey *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2009 - Greece
2010 - Cyprus
2023 - Spain
198929Avena sterilisSterile OatA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
7 Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana
Sterile oat 		1996 - France
2006 - Australia (Queensland)
2006 - Iran
2010 - Iran *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		199630Avena sterilis ssp. ludovicianaSterile oatA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
8 Beckmannia syzigachne
American Sloughgrass 		2010 - China
201031Beckmannia syzigachneAmerican SloughgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
9 Brachypodium distachyon
Annual Falsebrome 		2014 - Israel
201435Brachypodium distachyonAnnual FalsebromeA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
10 Bromus diandrus
Ripgut Brome 		1999 - Australia (Victoria)
2020 - Australia (Western Australia)
1999197Bromus diandrusRipgut BromeA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
11 Bromus diandrus ssp. rigidus (=B. rigidus)
Rigid Brome 		2005 - Australia (Western Australia)
2007 - Australia (South Australia)
200538Bromus diandrus ssp. rigidus (=B. rigidus)Rigid BromeA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
12 Bromus sterilis
Poverty Brome 		2012 - Germany
2012289Bromus sterilisPoverty BromeA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
13 Bromus tectorum
Downy Brome (Cheatgrass) 		2005 - United States (Oregon)
200540Bromus tectorumDowny Brome (Cheatgrass)A21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
14 Cynosurus echinatus
Hedgehog Dogtailgrass 		1999 - Chile
2004 - Chile *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		1999205Cynosurus echinatusHedgehog DogtailgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
15 Digitaria ciliaris
Southern Crabgrass 		2002 - Brazil
2021 - China
2002225Digitaria ciliarisSouthern CrabgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
16 Digitaria insularis
Sourgrass 		2016 - Brazil
2020 - Brazil *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2020 - Paraguay *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		2016239Digitaria insularisSourgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
17 Digitaria ischaemum
Smooth Crabgrass 		1996 - United States (New Jersey)
1996177Digitaria ischaemumSmooth CrabgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
18 Digitaria sanguinalis
Large Crabgrass 		1992 - United States (Wisconsin)
1993 - Australia (South Australia) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2005 - France
2006 - Italy
2008 - United States (Georgia)
2011 - Canada (Ontario)
2011 - China
199277Digitaria sanguinalisLarge CrabgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
19 Echinochloa colona
Junglerice 		1994 - Costa Rica
1998 - Costa Rica *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2000 - Nicaragua
2006 - Bolivia
2008 - Venezuela *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2010 - Venezuela *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2013 - Costa Rica *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2016 - Colombia *Multiple - 3 SOA's
 		199478Echinochloa colonaJunglericeA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
20 Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli
Barnyardgrass 		2000 - United States (California) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2001 - Thailand
2008 - South Korea *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2009 - Egypt
2009 - Italy *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2009 - Turkey *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2010 - China
2010 - Japan
2011 - Italy
2011 - United States (Mississippi) *Multiple - 4 SOA's
2015 - Brazil *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2021 - Australia (New South Wales )
200079Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galliBarnyardgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
21 Echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis
Taiwan barnyardgrass 		2009 - Japan
2010 - Japan *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		2009304Echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensisTaiwan barnyardgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
22 Echinochloa oryzoides
Early Watergrass 		2009 - Turkey *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		2009261Echinochloa oryzoidesEarly WatergrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
23 Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)
Late Watergrass 		1998 - United States (California)
2000 - United States (California) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2006 - South Korea *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2020 - Portugal
2020 - Portugal *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		1998178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late WatergrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
24 Ehrharta longiflora
Longflowered veldtgrass 		2014 - Australia (Western Australia)
2014315Ehrharta longifloraLongflowered veldtgrass A21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
25 Eleusine indica
Goosegrass 		1990 - Malaysia
1997 - Malaysia *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2003 - Brazil
2005 - Bolivia
2009 - Malaysia *Multiple - 4 SOA's
2017 - Brazil *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		199081Eleusine indicaGoosegrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
26 Eriochloa punctata
Pasto Amargo 		1997 - Bolivia
1997176Eriochloa punctataPasto AmargoA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
27 Hordeum jubatum
Foxtail Barley 		2022 - Canada (Alberta)
2022358Hordeum jubatumFoxtail BarleyA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
28 Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum
Smooth Barley 		2000 - Australia (South Australia)
200097Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucumSmooth BarleyA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
29 Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum
Hare Barley 		1996 - Australia (South Australia)
2001 - Australia (New South Wales )
199698Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinumHare BarleyA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
30 Ischaemum rugosum
Saramollagrass 		2000 - Colombia
2004 - Venezuela *Multiple - 3 SOA's
 		200099Ischaemum rugosumSaramollagrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
31 Leptochloa chinensis
Chinese Sprangletop 		2002 - Thailand
2011 - China
2012 - South Korea
2002223Leptochloa chinensisChinese SprangletopA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
32 Leptochloa panicoides
Amazon Sprangletop 		2009 - United States (Louisiana)
2009267Leptochloa panicoidesAmazon SprangletopA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
33 Lolium perenne
Perennial Ryegrass 		2001 - Chile
2008 - Germany *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2016 - Denmark *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		2001111Lolium perennePerennial RyegrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
34 Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum
Italian Ryegrass 		1987 - United States (Oregon)
1990 - United Kingdom
1990 - United States (North Carolina)
1990 - United States (South Carolina)
1991 - United States (Idaho)
1993 - France
1993 - United States (Virginia)
1995 - Italy
1995 - United States (Arkansas) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
1995 - United States (Georgia)
1998 - Chile
1998 - United States (Maryland)
2002 - Italy *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2003 - France *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2004 - United States (Kentucky)
2005 - Chile *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2005 - United States (Arkansas)
2005 - United States (Idaho) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2006 - Chile *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2006 - United States (Tennessee)
2007 - Chile *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2007 - United States (North Carolina) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2008 - Italy *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2009 - Argentina
2009 - United States (Georgia) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2010 - Brazil *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2010 - Denmark *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2010 - United States (South Carolina) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2013 - United States (Missouri) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2014 - New Zealand
2015 - United States (California) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2016 - Brazil *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2016 - United States (California) *Multiple - 4 SOA's
2017 - United States (Oklahoma)
2018 - Switzerland *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2020 - Switzerland *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2021 - Ireland *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2022 - China *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2022 - United States (North Carolina) *Multiple - 4 SOA's
 		1987110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian RyegrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
35 Lolium persicum
Persian Darnel 		1993 - United States (Montana)
2004 - Canada (Saskatchewan)
2009 - Canada (Alberta)
1993181Lolium persicumPersian DarnelA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
36 Lolium rigidum
Rigid Ryegrass 		1982 - Australia (South Australia) *Multiple - 6 SOA's
1982 - Australia (Western Australia) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
1984 - Australia (Victoria) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
1985 - Australia (New South Wales ) *Multiple - 3 SOA's
1992 - Saudi Arabia
1992 - Spain *Multiple - 2 SOA's
1992 - Spain
1993 - France
1993 - South Africa *Multiple - 2 SOA's
1996 - Tunisia
1997 - Chile
1997 - Greece
1998 - Israel
1999 - Australia (Victoria) *Multiple - 4 SOA's
2003 - Chile *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2003 - South Africa *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2007 - Iran
2007 - Israel *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2010 - Australia (South Australia) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2010 - Australia (South Australia) *Multiple - 5 SOA's
2013 - Israel *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		1982112Lolium rigidumRigid RyegrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
37 Phalaris brachystachys
Shortspike Canarygrass 		2001 - Italy
2008 - Turkey *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2014 - Iran
2015 - Syria
2001244Phalaris brachystachysShortspike CanarygrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
38 Phalaris minor
Little seed Canary grass 		1993 - Israel
1994 - India
1996 - Mexico
1999 - South Africa *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2001 - United States (California)
2004 - Iran
2006 - India *Multiple - 3 SOA's
2012 - Australia (Victoria)
2015 - Pakistan
1993127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
39 Phalaris paradoxa
Hood Canarygrass 		1996 - Mexico
1997 - Australia (New South Wales )
1998 - Italy
2004 - Israel
2007 - Iran
2012 - Australia (New South Wales ) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2015 - Syria
1996128Phalaris paradoxaHood CanarygrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
40 Poa annua
Annual Bluegrass 		2017 - Australia (New South Wales )
2017 - Australia (Victoria)
2020 - New Zealand
2021 - Ireland *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		2017130Poa annuaAnnual BluegrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
41 Polypogon fugax
Asia Minor bluegrass 		2014 - China
2014313Polypogon fugaxAsia Minor bluegrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
42 Rottboellia cochinchinensis (=R. exaltata)
Itchgrass 		1997 - United States (Louisiana)
1997265Rottboellia cochinchinensis (=R. exaltata)ItchgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
43 Sclerochloa kengiana
Keng Stiffgrass 		2010 - China
2010297Sclerochloa kengianaKeng StiffgrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
44 Setaria faberi
Giant Foxtail 		1991 - United States (Wisconsin)
1994 - United States (Iowa)
1998 - United States (Illinois)
1991149Setaria faberiGiant FoxtailA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
45 Setaria viridis
Green Foxtail 		1991 - Canada (Manitoba)
1992 - Canada (Manitoba) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
1996 - Canada (Alberta)
1996 - Canada (Saskatchewan)
1996 - Canada (Saskatchewan) *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2005 - United States (Montana)
1991153Setaria viridisGreen FoxtailA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
46 Setaria viridis var. major (=var. robusta-alba, var. robustapurpurea)
Giant Green Foxtail 		1999 - United States (Minnesota)
1999 - United States (Minnesota)
1999155Setaria viridis var. major (=var. robusta-alba, var. robustapurpurea)Giant Green FoxtailA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
47 Snowdenia polystachya
Ethiopian grass 		1998 - Ethiopia
1998195Snowdenia polystachyaEthiopian grassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
48 Sorghum bicolor ssp. drummondii (=Sorghum sudanese)
Sudangrass 		1999 - Bolivia
1999187Sorghum bicolor ssp. drummondii (=Sorghum sudanese)SudangrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
49 Sorghum halepense
Johnsongrass 		1991 - United States (Kentucky)
1991 - United States (Mississippi)
1995 - United States (Tennessee)
1995 - United States (Virginia)
1997 - United States (Louisiana)
2005 - Greece
2005 - Italy
2006 - Israel
2015 - Argentina
2015 - Argentina *Multiple - 2 SOA's
2017 - Serbia
2018 - Serbia *Multiple - 2 SOA's
 		1991166Sorghum halepenseJohnsongrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
50 Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea)
Alexandergrass 		1997 - Brazil
199734Urochloa plantaginea (=Brachiaria plantaginea)AlexandergrassA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
51 Zea mays ssp. mexicana
Mexican teosinte 		2020 - France
2020354Zea mays ssp. mexicanaMexican teosinteA21Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
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